HYDRAULIC DRIVE-AND-BRAKE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES

The hydraulic drive-and-brake system for vehicles comprises at least one wheel (1) driven by at least one reversible hydraulic machine (2) charged by a hydraulic accumulator (3). The axle of the wheel (1) is coupled through a variational reducer/multiplier of the speed to a hydraulic machine (2), whose two-direction regulating valve (5) is controlled by a unit (6) that regulates the machine (2) as a motor and the variational reducer/multiplier (4) transforming and transmitting the motion to at least one drive wheel , and vice versa û the machine (2) as a hydraulic pump and the variational reducer/multiplier (4) transforming and transmitting the motion from at least one brake wheel to the machine (2) working as a hydraulic pump. The control of the hydraulic drive-and-brake system is assisted by an optimizing programmable unit (14). The unit inputs are connected to the outputs of a pick-up (15) for individual monitoring of the motion of each wheel and a pick-up (16) for the level of charging of the hydraulic accumulator (3), and the outputs thereof are connected to the units (6 and 8), respectively for driving and braking. The unit (14) makes it possible to save much energy when driving in urban areas in return for restoring the kinetic energy of the stopping vehicle

Design concepts for hydraulic hybrids vary, but typically the car’s diesel or gas engine powers a hydraulic pump motor, which charges that high-pressure accumulator. The accumulator, in turn, drives one or more additional pump motors connected to the wheels. A second lower pressure accumulator typically completes the hydraulic circuit. Depending on the design, there may be one pump motor to drive a pair of wheels through a differential or one pump motor per wheel for an all-wheel-drive version with independent torque control. During braking, the pump motors on the wheels reverse themselves, re-charging the accumulator and capturing energy that would otherwise be lost to heat.

The hydraulic hybrids now under development can communicate with modern engines and do have some electronic controls. Yet in their purest form, they don’t really need any electronics to function. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles aren’t exactly news to everyone. Operators of truck fleets have recently taken an interest.

The simulation results showed 5 seat car with hydraulic drive train was about 95 percent efficient, once you add in the vehicle’s regenerative braking energy. That efficiency is only about 4 percent better than a conventional mechanical drive train. Yet, thanks to the hybrid’s engine optimization and engine-off operations, total fuel conversion efficiency jumped from 19 percent with the traditional vehicle to 37 percent with the hydraulic hybrid.

TWO-PHASE ENGINE SYSTEM FOR HYBRID CARS

The two-phase engine system for hybrid cars is driven by one or several reversible machines (1), each of them being supplied through a central energy distribution block (2) by at least two separate energy storage batteries (3 and 4). The system is controlled by an optimal car motion block (5), which passes performance commands to the block (2) after processing the signals received from a driver control block (6), from the senders (7) for the motion of each wheel, and from senders (8 and 9) for the level of remaining charging of each energy storage battery (3 and 4). In the two-phase engine system, the machines (1) are used also as regenerative breaks, and each wheel of the car can be a drive wheel. The system has a board energy generator (10) connected through the energy block (2) to each of the energy storage batteries (3 and 4). The system may be programmed to operate under different conditions by specialized software that controls the block for optimal motion of the car.

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