Number of patents gave different innovative solutions how to convert car kinetic energy in the cases of car decelerations and braking. All known solutions of energy recuperation using regenerative breaking system based on the car electric motor (s) as electric generator connected to the car battery. The problem is that electric motors are optimized to power car and not optimized as electric generators. The main aim of presented inventions is to develop a mechanical upgrade of the regenerative braking system that allows significantly increasing op power generating by motors operating as generators.  The patent abstract see below.

 

AUTOMATED POWER SYSTEM FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC CARS (EV, HEV & HHV) Patent BG 65421

The automated power system regenerates the mechanical energy when a car stops that has a reversible electric machine. It helps achieve highly efficient recuperation of the kinetic energy when the carstops thanks to the gear-box, which increases the revolutions of the electric machine working as an electric generator when stopping. The system is energy saving and controlled by smart device. It is driven by a reversible electric machine (1) fed by an electric accumulator (2). The machine (1) is coupled to a gear-box (3) converting the motion and transmitting it to at least one wheel (4) of the car, which is controlled by a smart car driving block (5) that receives signals from an accelerator pedal (6) and by a car breaking block (7) that receives signals from a brake pedal (8). Two actuating mechanisms (9and 10) connected to the driving block (5) as well as other two actuating mechanisms (11 and 12) connected to the breaking block (7) are provided for regulating, respectively of the electric machine (1) as a motor and the gear-box (3) converting and transmitting the motion to at least one drive wheel (4), and vice versa û of the electric machine (1) as an electric generator and the gear-box (3) converting and transmitting the motion from at least one brake wheel (4) to the machine (1).

In addition the smart car driving block (5) provides a mode change control method of a hybrid vehicle, which can improve driving performance and power performance and provide a more stable vehicle behavior control during a mode change from an EV mode to a HEV mode. For this purpose, a transmission input speed is compared with an engine idle speed. If the transmission input speed is lower than the engine idle speed, the pressure of a clutch is open-loop controlled so that an optimal engine torque of operation point determination circuit can be transferred to the clutch. On the other hand, if the transmission input speed is equal to or higher than the engine idle speed, the clutch pressure is feedback-controlled so that a delta RPM follows a target delta RPM profile.

Solar PV charger of a electric car	Electric ( battery ) car constructed by Patent BG 65421	The base car of the world smallest city hybrid car by Patent BG 65421

 

HYDRAULIC DRIVE-AND-BRAKE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES  (HHV)  Patent BG 65480

The hydraulic drive-and-brake system for vehicles comprises at least one wheel (1) driven by at least one reversible hydraulic machine (2) charged by a hydraulic accumulator (3). The axle of the wheel (1) is coupled through a variational reducer/multiplier of the speed to a hydraulic machine (2), whose two-direction regulating valve (5) is controlled by a unit (6) that regulates the machine (2) as a motor and the variational reducer/multiplier (4) transforming and transmitting the motion to at least one drive wheel , and vice versa û the machine (2) as a hydraulic pump and the variational reducer/multiplier (4) transforming and transmitting the motion from at least one brake wheel to the machine (2) working as a hydraulic pump. The control of the hydraulic drive-and-brake system is assisted by an optimizing programmable smart unit (14). The unit inputs are connected to the outputs of a pick-up (15) for individual monitoring of the motion of each wheel and a pick-up (16) for the level of charging of the hydraulic accumulator (3), and the outputs thereof are connected to the units (6 and 8), respectively for driving and braking. The unit (14) makes it possible to save much energy when driving in urban areas in return for restoring the kinetic energy of the stopping vehicle

According to this patented invention number of hydraulic-hybrid car are developing. Hydra-Drive vehicle power trains were aimed at delivery applications that involve short-haul travel with many starts and stops — great for recovering energy with regenerative braking.  A Hydra-Drive production package should cost less than battery technology. Unlike today's electric hybrids, hydraulic technology completely decouples the engine from the driveline, so the engine (which now can be smaller) always runs at its most efficient point in charging hydraulic accumulators. In many ways, these hydraulic hybrids conceptually resemble their electric hybrid cousins. Only in this case, energy storage takes place not in a electric battery but in high-pressure hydraulic accumulators usually charged in excess of 3,000 psi.

Design concepts for hydraulic hybrids vary, but typically the car’s diesel or gas engine powers a hydraulic pump motor, which charges that high-pressure accumulator. The accumulator, in turn, drives one or more additional pump motors connected to the wheels. A second lower pressure accumulator typically completes the hydraulic circuit. Depending on the design, there may be one pump motor to drive a pair of wheels through a differential or one pump motor per wheel for an all-wheel-drive version with independent torque control. During braking, the pump motors on the wheels reverse themselves, re-charging the accumulator and capturing energy that would otherwise be lost to heat.

The hydraulic hybrids now under development can communicate with modern engines and do have some electronic controls. Yet in their purest form, they don’t really need any electronics to function. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles aren’t exactly news to everyone. Operators of truck fleets have recently taken an interest.

The simulation results showed 5 seat car with hydraulic drive train was about 95 percent efficient, once you add in the vehicle’s regenerative braking energy. That efficiency is only about 4 percent better than a conventional mechanical drive train. Yet, thanks to the hybrid’s engine optimization and engine-off operations, total fuel conversion efficiency jumped from 19 percent with the traditional vehicle to 37 percent with the hydraulic hybrid.

 

COMBINED HYDRAULIC  @ ELECTRIC REGENERATIVE BRAKES PARALLELED TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE  (Patents BG 65480 @ BG 65421)

Hydraulic-Electric (H-E) hybrid car

Regenerative braking results from having a means to capture, store, and reuse the energy. It is possible to add this feature with hydraulic systems rather than relying upon electric drive. Research is needed to determine whether the addition of hydraulic “regen” is  more cost effective than regenerative braking integral to an electric drive. The "hybrid hydraulic" "returns at least 70 percent of the braking energy back to the wheels. It uses compressed nitrogen gas rather than a liquid. But every combined solution (HYDRAULIC  @ ELECTRIC REGENERATIVE BRAKES) aims  synergy effect of both systems. In depend on hybrid car applications the proportions of HYDRAULIC  @ ELECTRIC energy storage facilities are different. The main goal of the patent applications is to find the best fuel saving solution of a parallel HYDRAULIC  @ ELECTRIC REGENERATIVE BRAKES. The result for the brake power distribution ( based on detailed computer simulations) of a city / near city car  is 13 (HYDRAULIC) to 7 (ELECTRIC).

See below a hydraulic motor-pump and electric motor-alternator in a common drive system with a internal combustion engine called H-E  HYBRID  car.

Double Hydraulic-Electric Hybrid Car	AIR Apertures of the Forced Cooling of Double H-E Hybrid City Car

 

A compact placement of an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), a dual function hydraulic (H) machine /motor-pump/  and a dual function electric (E) machine /motor-alternator/ of a Double H-E Hybrid Car operating by a common drive train	New Patented First World Wide Double Hybrid City Car operates by two parallel regenerative brakes. Advanced Double Hybrid Car takes synergy advantages of an integral hydraulic-electric brake energy recovering system.

The Hydraulic-Electric (H-E) hybrid car shown on the pictures above constructed by both patents (BG 65480 @ BG 65421) that uses rpm multiplication to improve the efficiency of the parallel regenerative  braking systems.

Regenerative braking system that uses pressurized fluid to store the braking energy is according to patent BG 65480.

Regenerative braking system that uses electric battery & super capacitors to store the braking energy is according to patent BG 65421

The Hydraulic-Electric (H-E) hybrid 13/7 returns above  80 percent of the braking energy back to the wheels in the city traffic.

The developed advanced double hybrid car takes synergy effects of both hydraulic and electric regenerative systems.

See a video of New Patented First World Wide Double Hybrid City Car at www.youtube.com/watch#!v=SBwtMj06pr4&feature=channel

HYBRID VEHICLES COOLING SYSTEM (EV, HEV & HHV)   Patent BG 65420

The hybrid vehicles cooling system is used mainly in cars, but it can also be used in railway electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as on ships and yachts with electric motors. It ensures fast and individual cooling of the separate, differently heated vehicle parts, thus reducing the energy loss as a whole in different motion conditions. The hybrid vehicles cooling system comprises at least one cooling radiator (1), which is connected through liquid cooling fluid circulation pipes and a circulation pump to the vehicle parts (2, 3 and 4) being cooled. At least one heat pump unit (5) with variable cooling power is connected between the cooling radiator (1) and the vehicle parts (2, 3 and 4) being cooled, the circulation pump being coupled to the unit (5).; The heat pump unit (5) is controlled by a smart central computer system (6) receiving signals from the gas pedal (7) and from the brake pedal (8) of the vehicle, as well as from temperature senders (9, 10, 11 and 12) located on the cooled parts (2, 3 and 4) and on the radiator (1).

Smart control of HEV is patented, as well

A HEV in which a clutch is disposed between an engine and a motor/generator is controlled to suppress frequent engagement/disengagement of the clutch in a case of a coasting drive while dragging the engine. A clutch control apparatus controls the clutch and selects any one of the following drive modes: 1) an EV drive mode where the vehicle travels by only driving force of the motor/generator with the clutch disengaged; 2) an HEV drive mode where the vehicle travels by driving force of the engine and/or the motor/generator with the clutch engaged; and 3) an engine brake drive mode in which the vehicle coasts or travels by the driving force of the motor/generator while dragging the engine where the clutch is engaged, and the fuel supply is stopped when a charge of the battery is greater than or equal to a threshold value.

 

TWO-PHASE ENGINE SYSTEM FOR HYBRID CARS (EV & HEV & HHV)   (Patent Application BG109358)

The two-phase engine system for hybrid cars is driven by one or several reversible machines (1), each of them being supplied through a central energy distribution block (2) by at least two separate energy storage batteries (3 and 4). The system is controlled by an optimal car motion block (5), which passes performance commands to the block (2) after processing the signals received from a driver control block (6), from the senders (7) for the motion of each wheel, and from senders (8 and 9) for the level of remaining charging of each energy storage battery (3 and 4). In the two-phase engine system, the machines (1) are used also as regenerative breaks, and each wheel of the car can be a drive wheel. The system has a board energy generator (10) connected through the energy block (2) to each of the energy storage batteries (3 and 4). The system may be programmed to operate under different conditions by specialized software that controls the smart block for optimal motion of the car.

In the case of two reversible machines a smart control apparatus and method of controlling a hybrid vehicle are taught herein. The vehicle selectively switches between an EV mode wherein the vehicle travels by only a driving force produced by the motor/generator when an accelerator opening is less than or equal to an engine-stop line or a HEV mode wherein the vehicle travels by at least a driving force produced by the engine the accelerator opening exceeds the engine- stop line. A transition from the HEV mode to the EV mode is executed when the accelerator opening becomes less than or equal to the engine-stop line during the HEV mode and a given delay time has expired. The delay time is set to a shorter time as an accelerator return speed decreases.

 

DOUBLE OPERATING HYBRID COMBUSTION/ELECTRIC POWER MACHINE  (Patent Application BG 109683)

The double operating hybrid power machine can find wide application in different vehicles, where the burning fuel thermal energy and electric power are converted into mechanical energy for driving ground, surface, underwater and aeronautical machines. The machine is capable of converting into electricity mechanical energy excess of the crankshaft, for example from the operation of its combustion part, such electricity being temporarily stored in storage batteries. When needed, the accumulated electric power can be used again to rotate the crankshaft, when the electrical part of the machine will operate as a motor together with its combustion part or independently. The double operating hybrid power machine (1) is a one-body combination of a combustion part consisting of one or several piston-cylinder pairs (2), a valve mechanism (3) and a combustion system, and an electric part consisting of one or several reversible electrical machines (4), whereat the two combination parts are connected to a common crankshaft (7) through separate connecting rods (5, 6). Double acting hybrid system is controlling by a smart unit.

 

Smart Drive & Road Traffic System (Testing Before a Patent Application)

A traffic sensing system for collecting information on traffic conditions is provided. A traffic sensing system includes a traffic sensing server and a mobile traffic sensing device (MTSD) that sends traffic reports to the traffic sensing server. An MTSD  may use an accelerometer integrated into a smart phone to detect potholes, to detect when the vehicle is braking, to detect whether the MTS device is being transported via a vehicle or a pedestrian, to detect horns sounding, and so on. The MTSD reports the various conditions to the traffic sensing server for accurate assessment of traffic conditions at stretches of road through which vehicles transporting MTSD travel. Innovative down road Wind - PV power plants for battery charging of EV/HEV

 

Wind and solar energy mutual-complementing automatic charging type electric vehicle (Testing)

The utility model relates to the technical field of electric motor cars, in particular to a wind-light supplementary automatic charging electric motor car, which comprises an electric motor car body, motor car wheels, driving wheels, a DC motor, and a battery connected with the DC motor. The electric motor car is characterized in that a group of solar panel is arranged at the top of the electric motor car body; the solar panel is connected with the battery by wires and through a rectifier; a wind motor is arranged in the electric motor car body; the wind blades of the wind motor extend outside the top of the motor car body; the wind motor is connected with the battery by wires and through a rectifier; the blades of the wind motor are vertical wind blades distributed in an axial symmetry manner; and the solar panel group comprises at least two solar panels according to the size of the motor car. The wind-light supplementary automatic charging electric motor car provided by the utility model can realize that the solar electricity generation and wind electricity generation supplement each other; the cost of driving can be reduced to the minimum; no environmental pollution is caused; and the precious non-renewable resources can not be wasted, thereby being beneficial to people and nation.

Innovative  on-road Wind - PV power plants for battery charging of electric and plug-in hybrids

You can see below pictures of  patented low noise high efficient horizontal axis JET wind turbine and VAWT . The shown turbine designed for operation at low wind speed and high turbulence. Under turbine rotor a pyramid like structure directed additional wind to rotor swept area. End less JET tip blades avoid tip energy loses and reduce noise significantly. Solar-PV panels are fitted on sunny side of the bottom pyramid structure. Synergy effect - the panels generate power and energized wind. Applications: Residential and general power plants and for battery charging of electric cars and plug-in-hybrid vehicles. See a video of Solar PV-Wind power plants at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNptaLkgjYI

 

See videos and pictures of Advanced JET Wind Converter Technology here

 

A video of patented Solar PV reflector augmented system see at:   www.youtube.com/user/miscbeep#p/a/u/0/XE-mOgND07I . Shown on road power plants is using for charging the battery of electric cars and plug-in hybrids, as well.

 

New invented end less JET blades of a wind / hydro kinetic turbine propeller

New invented (patent pending) end less JET blades of wind / hydro kinetic propeller. Blade tips of propellers create significantly energy loses and noise / cavitation. Newly invented JET blades avoid tip energy loses and and noise / cavitation. That is why new endless blades are much more efficient in the comparison with all known blades. Patent pending - see more at http://www.tonchev.org

Novel environment-protection self-assist multi-power multi-drive solar car (Testing)

The invention relates to a novel environment-protecting self-assistance multi-power and multi-drive solar automobile. On the basis of the consistency of the outline structure, the chassis and the driving system of the prior automobile, the invention consists of solar photoelectric boards, a high-energy storage battery, a DC electric and power generating reciprocal engine and an electric and power generating reciprocal engine arranged at rear wheels. The solar photoelectric boards arranged at the front, the back and the roof of the automobile shell combine with the high-energy storage battery arranged inside the automobile back boot to change the solar energy into electric energy. The motor-generator set arranged at the rear wheel provides auxiliary power for the car in running and can also convert the inertial kinetic energy generated in running into the electric energy. Making full use of comprehensive and renewable natural energy as driving power, according to the objective conditions and laws granted by nature to us, the invention masters, knows and utilizes natural laws to organically combine and convert the natural energy into mechanical energy. The novel environment-protecting self-assistance multi-power and multi-drive solar automobile is a pollution-free, clean, energy-saving, multi-power and multi-drive transportation vehicle with practicality and low usage cost.

The new invented transparent blades tornado type turbines are applicable in Hybrid Solar PV-Wind power plants for battery charging of electric and hybrid cars and trucks.

 

On Road Charging of Battery Powered Vehicles

Vehicles using both electric motors and internal combustion engines are examples of hybrid electric vehicles, and are not considered pure (or all) EVs because they operate in a charge-sustaining mode.
• Regular hybrid electric vehicles cannot be externally charged.
• Hybrid vehicles with batteries that can be charged externally to displace some or all of their internal combustion engine power and gasoline fuel are called plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and are BEVs during their charge-depleting mode.

All-electric and plug-in hybrids are off-vehicle charge capable (“OVCC” or pluginable), which means their batteries can be charged from an off-vehicle electric energy source that cannot be connected or coupled to the vehicle while the vehicle is being driven.

The concept of battery electric vehicles is to charge batteries on board vehicles for propulsion using the electric grid.

The main advantages of battery electric vehicles are that:
• No pollutants are emitted directly by the vehicle potentially reducing urban pollution. This does not take into account additional pollutants that are emitted if any fossil fuel power plant is used to create the electricity, though a centralized pollution source can be dealt with more easily.
• Gasoline is indirectly replaced by whatever is being used to generate domestic electricity, reducing dependence on foreign commodities. The electrical energy stored within the battery can be generated by any source, including renewable, nuclear, natural gas, coal and petroleum.

Battery electric cars are becoming more and more attractive with the advancement of new battery technology (Lithium Ion) that have higher power and energy density (i.e. greater possible acceleration and more range with less batteries) and higher oil prices.

BEVs include automobiles, light trucks, and neighborhood electric vehicles.

The electricity needed will be generated by renewable energy from solar arrays and wind farms. Denmark and Israel have enacted policies, which create a tax differential between zero-emission vehicles and traditional cars, to accelerate the transition to electric cars.

For low to moderate wind speed areas a new patented wind turbines applicable. Horizontal axis wind turbine with 3D rotor and 3x3 blades see pics below:

For low wind speed areas an other new patented wind turbines applicable. Hybrid vertical axis Darrieus/Tornado turbine on the top of a hollow wind accelerated structure includes Solar PV modules. Inside hollow structure is formed solar Induced Convective Flow that augmented Darrieus/Tornado turbine rotation. See pics below.

Download Patented Hybrid Car Projects here I

Download Patent's Brochures:

Automotive and Solar PV Patents

Wind and Hydro-Kinetic JET Turbines

Patented Intelligent PLUS Energy Buildings

Automated System for Building Air-conditioning and Electric Supply 

For some official patent publications - see here .